Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)
Identifieur interne : 000576 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000575; suivant : 000577Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)
Auteurs : C. Rodriguez-Blazquez ; M. J. Forjaz ; B. Frades-Payo ; J. De Pedro-Cuesta ; P. Martinez-MartinSource :
- European Journal of Neurology [ 1351-5101 ] ; 2010-02.
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- KwdEn :
Abstract
Background and purpose: Autonomic dysfunction is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and causes a great impact in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and functional status of patients. This study is the first independent validation of the Scales for Outcomes in PD‐Autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT). Methods: In an observational, cross‐sectional study (ELEP Study), 387 PD patients were assessed using, in addition to the SCOPA‐AUT, the Hoehn and Yahr staging, SCOPA‐Motor, SCOPA‐Cognition, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‐Geriatrics, modified Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SCOPA‐Sleep, SCOPA‐Psychosocial, pain and fatigue visual analogue scales, and EQ‐5D. SCOPA‐AUT acceptability, internal consistency, construct validity, and precision were explored. Results: Data quality was satisfactory (97%). SCOPA‐AUT total score did not show floor or ceiling effect, and skewness was 0.40. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.64 (Cardiovascular and Thermorregulatory subscales) to 0.95 (Sexual dysfunction, women). Item homogeneity index was low (0.24) for Gastrointestinal subscale. Factor analysis identified eight factors for men (68% of the variance) and seven factors for women (65% of the variance). SCOPA‐AUT correlated at a high level with specific HRQL and functional measures (rS = 0.52–0.56). SCOPA‐AUT scores were higher for older patients, for more advanced disease, and for patients treated only with levodopa (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.01). Standard error of measurement for SCOPA‐AUT subscales was 0.81 (sexual, men) – 2.26 (gastrointestinal). Conclusions: Despite its heterogeneous content, which determines some weaknesses in the psychometric attributes of its subscales, SCOPA‐AUT is an acceptable, consistent, valid and precise scale.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02788.x
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)</title><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Lazquez, C" sort="Rodriguez Lazquez, C" uniqKey="Rodriguez Lazquez C" first="C." last="Rodriguez-Blazquez">C. Rodriguez-Blazquez</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forjaz, M J" sort="Forjaz, M J" uniqKey="Forjaz M" first="M. J." last="Forjaz">M. J. Forjaz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National School of Public Health and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frades Ayo, B" sort="Frades Ayo, B" uniqKey="Frades Ayo B" first="B." last="Frades-Payo">B. Frades-Payo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Pedro Uesta, J" sort="De Pedro Uesta, J" uniqKey="De Pedro Uesta J" first="J." last="De Pedro-Cuesta">J. De Pedro-Cuesta</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Artin, P" sort="Martinez Artin, P" uniqKey="Martinez Artin P" first="P." last="Martinez-Martin">P. Martinez-Martin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02788.x</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000576</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)</title><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Lazquez, C" sort="Rodriguez Lazquez, C" uniqKey="Rodriguez Lazquez C" first="C." last="Rodriguez-Blazquez">C. Rodriguez-Blazquez</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Forjaz, M J" sort="Forjaz, M J" uniqKey="Forjaz M" first="M. J." last="Forjaz">M. J. Forjaz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National School of Public Health and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frades Ayo, B" sort="Frades Ayo, B" uniqKey="Frades Ayo B" first="B." last="Frades-Payo">B. Frades-Payo</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Pedro Uesta, J" sort="De Pedro Uesta, J" uniqKey="De Pedro Uesta J" first="J." last="De Pedro-Cuesta">J. De Pedro-Cuesta</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Martinez Artin, P" sort="Martinez Artin, P" uniqKey="Martinez Artin P" first="P." last="Martinez-Martin">P. Martinez-Martin</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">European Journal of Neurology</title><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-1331</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-02">2010-02</date><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="194">194</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="201">201</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno></series><idno type="istex">1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02788.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ENE2788</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1351-5101</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Parkinson’s disease</term><term>SCOPA‐autonomic</term><term>assessment</term><term>autonomic dysfunction</term><term>psychometric attributes</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background and purpose: Autonomic dysfunction is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and causes a great impact in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and functional status of patients. This study is the first independent validation of the Scales for Outcomes in PD‐Autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT). Methods: In an observational, cross‐sectional study (ELEP Study), 387 PD patients were assessed using, in addition to the SCOPA‐AUT, the Hoehn and Yahr staging, SCOPA‐Motor, SCOPA‐Cognition, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‐Geriatrics, modified Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SCOPA‐Sleep, SCOPA‐Psychosocial, pain and fatigue visual analogue scales, and EQ‐5D. SCOPA‐AUT acceptability, internal consistency, construct validity, and precision were explored. Results: Data quality was satisfactory (97%). SCOPA‐AUT total score did not show floor or ceiling effect, and skewness was 0.40. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.64 (Cardiovascular and Thermorregulatory subscales) to 0.95 (Sexual dysfunction, women). Item homogeneity index was low (0.24) for Gastrointestinal subscale. Factor analysis identified eight factors for men (68% of the variance) and seven factors for women (65% of the variance). SCOPA‐AUT correlated at a high level with specific HRQL and functional measures (rS = 0.52–0.56). SCOPA‐AUT scores were higher for older patients, for more advanced disease, and for patients treated only with levodopa (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.01). Standard error of measurement for SCOPA‐AUT subscales was 0.81 (sexual, men) – 2.26 (gastrointestinal). Conclusions: Despite its heterogeneous content, which determines some weaknesses in the psychometric attributes of its subscales, SCOPA‐AUT is an acceptable, consistent, valid and precise scale.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>C. Rodriguez‐Blazquez</name><affiliations><json:string>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>M. J. Forjaz</name><affiliations><json:string>National School of Public Health and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>B. Frades‐Payo</name><affiliations><json:string>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J. De Pedro‐Cuesta</name><affiliations><json:string>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>P. Martinez‐Martin</name><affiliations><json:string>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>assessment</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>autonomic dysfunction</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Parkinson’s disease</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>psychometric attributes</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>SCOPA‐autonomic</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>ENE2788</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>Background and purpose: Autonomic dysfunction is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and causes a great impact in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and functional status of patients. This study is the first independent validation of the Scales for Outcomes in PD‐Autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT). Methods: In an observational, cross‐sectional study (ELEP Study), 387 PD patients were assessed using, in addition to the SCOPA‐AUT, the Hoehn and Yahr staging, SCOPA‐Motor, SCOPA‐Cognition, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‐Geriatrics, modified Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SCOPA‐Sleep, SCOPA‐Psychosocial, pain and fatigue visual analogue scales, and EQ‐5D. SCOPA‐AUT acceptability, internal consistency, construct validity, and precision were explored. Results: Data quality was satisfactory (97%). SCOPA‐AUT total score did not show floor or ceiling effect, and skewness was 0.40. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.64 (Cardiovascular and Thermorregulatory subscales) to 0.95 (Sexual dysfunction, women). Item homogeneity index was low (0.24) for Gastrointestinal subscale. Factor analysis identified eight factors for men (68% of the variance) and seven factors for women (65% of the variance). SCOPA‐AUT correlated at a high level with specific HRQL and functional measures (rS = 0.52–0.56). SCOPA‐AUT scores were higher for older patients, for more advanced disease, and for patients treated only with levodopa (Kruskal–Wallis test, P > 0.01). Standard error of measurement for SCOPA‐AUT subscales was 0.81 (sexual, men) – 2.26 (gastrointestinal). Conclusions: Despite its heterogeneous content, which determines some weaknesses in the psychometric attributes of its subscales, SCOPA‐AUT is an acceptable, consistent, valid and precise scale.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.883</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1839</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>3931</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>29868</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>246</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)</title><corporate><json:item><name>on behalf of the Longitudinal Parkinson’s Disease Patient Study (Estudio longitudinal de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson–ELEP ) Group</name></json:item></corporate><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><volume>17</volume><publisherId><json:string>ENE</json:string></publisherId><pages><total>8</total><last>201</last><first>194</first></pages><issn><json:string>1351-5101</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><genre><json:string>Journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1468-1331</json:string></eissn><title>European Journal of Neurology</title><doi><json:string>10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</json:string></doi></host><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02788.x</json:string></doi><id>1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050</id><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><p>WILEY</p></availability><date>2010</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)</title><author><orgName>on behalf of the Longitudinal Parkinson’s Disease Patient Study (Estudio longitudinal de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson–ELEP ) Group</orgName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">C.</forename><surname>Rodriguez‐Blazquez</surname></persName><affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">M. J.</forename><surname>Forjaz</surname></persName><affiliation>National School of Public Health and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">B.</forename><surname>Frades‐Payo</surname></persName><affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J.</forename><surname>De Pedro‐Cuesta</surname></persName><affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">P.</forename><surname>Martinez‐Martin</surname></persName><affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">European Journal of Neurology</title><idno type="pISSN">1351-5101</idno><idno type="eISSN">1468-1331</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-02"></date><biblScope unit="volume">17</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="194">194</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="201">201</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02788.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">ENE2788</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Background and purpose: Autonomic dysfunction is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and causes a great impact in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and functional status of patients. This study is the first independent validation of the Scales for Outcomes in PD‐Autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT). Methods: In an observational, cross‐sectional study (ELEP Study), 387 PD patients were assessed using, in addition to the SCOPA‐AUT, the Hoehn and Yahr staging, SCOPA‐Motor, SCOPA‐Cognition, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‐Geriatrics, modified Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SCOPA‐Sleep, SCOPA‐Psychosocial, pain and fatigue visual analogue scales, and EQ‐5D. SCOPA‐AUT acceptability, internal consistency, construct validity, and precision were explored. Results: Data quality was satisfactory (97%). SCOPA‐AUT total score did not show floor or ceiling effect, and skewness was 0.40. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.64 (Cardiovascular and Thermorregulatory subscales) to 0.95 (Sexual dysfunction, women). Item homogeneity index was low (0.24) for Gastrointestinal subscale. Factor analysis identified eight factors for men (68% of the variance) and seven factors for women (65% of the variance). SCOPA‐AUT correlated at a high level with specific HRQL and functional measures (rS = 0.52–0.56). SCOPA‐AUT scores were higher for older patients, for more advanced disease, and for patients treated only with levodopa (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.01). Standard error of measurement for SCOPA‐AUT subscales was 0.81 (sexual, men) – 2.26 (gastrointestinal). Conclusions: Despite its heterogeneous content, which determines some weaknesses in the psychometric attributes of its subscales, SCOPA‐AUT is an acceptable, consistent, valid and precise scale.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>assessment</term></item><item><term>autonomic dysfunction</term></item><item><term>Parkinson’s disease</term></item><item><term>psychometric attributes</term></item><item><term>SCOPA‐autonomic</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2010-02">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</doi><issn type="print">1351-5101</issn><issn type="electronic">1468-1331</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="ENE"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY">European Journal of Neurology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="02002"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/ene.2010.17.issue-2</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="17">17</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="2">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-02">February 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="7" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02788.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="ENE2788"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="8"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2009 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2009 EFNS</copyright><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-09-23"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-01-13"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-24"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-17"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="194">194</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="201">201</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>P. Martinez‐Martin, National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, C/Sinesio Delgado, 6, 28029 – Madrid, Spain (tel.: 34 91 8222643; fax: 34 91 3877815; e‐mail: <email>pmartinez@isciii.es</email>).</correspondenceTo><objectNameGroup><objectName elementName="appendix">Appendix</objectName></objectNameGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:ENE.ENE2788.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Received 16 January 2009 Accepted 29 April 2009</unparsedEditorialHistory><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="1"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="6"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)</title><title type="shortAuthors">C. Rodriguez‐Blazquez <i>et al.</i></title><title type="short">Psychometric attributes of SCOPA‐AUT</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>C.</givenNames><familyName>Rodriguez‐Blazquez</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>M. J.</givenNames><familyName>Forjaz</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>B.</givenNames><familyName>Frades‐Payo</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>J.</givenNames><familyName>De Pedro‐Cuesta</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>P.</givenNames><familyName>Martinez‐Martin</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1"><groupName>on behalf of the Longitudinal Parkinson’s Disease Patient Study (<i>Estudio longitudinal de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson</i>–<i>ELEP</i> ) Group</groupName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation> Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and <i>CIBERNED</i>, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="ES"><unparsedAffiliation> National School of Public Health and <i>CIBERNED</i>, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">assessment</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">autonomic dysfunction</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">Parkinson’s disease</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">psychometric attributes</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">SCOPA‐autonomic</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><p><b>Background and purpose: </b> Autonomic dysfunction is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and causes a great impact in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and functional status of patients. This study is the first independent validation of the Scales for Outcomes in PD‐Autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT).</p><p><b>Methods: </b> In an observational, cross‐sectional study (ELEP Study), 387 PD patients were assessed using, in addition to the SCOPA‐AUT, the Hoehn and Yahr staging, SCOPA‐Motor, SCOPA‐Cognition, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‐Geriatrics, modified Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SCOPA‐Sleep, SCOPA‐Psychosocial, pain and fatigue visual analogue scales, and EQ‐5D. SCOPA‐AUT acceptability, internal consistency, construct validity, and precision were explored.</p><p><b>Results: </b> Data quality was satisfactory (97%). SCOPA‐AUT total score did not show floor or ceiling effect, and skewness was 0.40. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.64 (Cardiovascular and Thermorregulatory subscales) to 0.95 (Sexual dysfunction, women). Item homogeneity index was low (0.24) for Gastrointestinal subscale. Factor analysis identified eight factors for men (68% of the variance) and seven factors for women (65% of the variance). SCOPA‐AUT correlated at a high level with specific HRQL and functional measures (r<sub>S</sub> = 0.52–0.56). SCOPA‐AUT scores were higher for older patients, for more advanced disease, and for patients treated only with levodopa (Kruskal–Wallis test, <i>P </i>< 0.01). Standard error of measurement for SCOPA‐AUT subscales was 0.81 (sexual, men) – 2.26 (gastrointestinal).</p><p><b>Conclusions: </b> Despite its heterogeneous content, which determines some weaknesses in the psychometric attributes of its subscales, SCOPA‐AUT is an acceptable, consistent, valid and precise scale.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Psychometric attributes of SCOPA‐AUT</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Independent validation of the scales for outcomes in Parkinson’s disease‐autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT)</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rodriguez‐Blazquez</namePart><affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Forjaz</namePart><affiliation>National School of Public Health and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Frades‐Payo</namePart><affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">De Pedro‐Cuesta</namePart><affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Martinez‐Martin</namePart><affiliation>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="corporate"><namePart>on behalf of the Longitudinal Parkinson’s Disease Patient Study (Estudio longitudinal de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson–ELEP ) Group</namePart><description>Area of Applied Epidemiology, National Centre of Epidemiology and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, SpainNational School of Public Health and CIBERNED, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain</description></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02</dateIssued><edition>Received 16 January 2009 Accepted 29 April 2009</edition><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">1</extent><extent unit="tables">6</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Background and purpose: Autonomic dysfunction is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and causes a great impact in health‐related quality of life (HRQL) and functional status of patients. This study is the first independent validation of the Scales for Outcomes in PD‐Autonomic (SCOPA‐AUT). Methods: In an observational, cross‐sectional study (ELEP Study), 387 PD patients were assessed using, in addition to the SCOPA‐AUT, the Hoehn and Yahr staging, SCOPA‐Motor, SCOPA‐Cognition, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‐Geriatrics, modified Parkinson Psychosis Rating Scale, Clinical Impression of Severity Index for PD, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, SCOPA‐Sleep, SCOPA‐Psychosocial, pain and fatigue visual analogue scales, and EQ‐5D. SCOPA‐AUT acceptability, internal consistency, construct validity, and precision were explored. Results: Data quality was satisfactory (97%). SCOPA‐AUT total score did not show floor or ceiling effect, and skewness was 0.40. Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ranged from 0.64 (Cardiovascular and Thermorregulatory subscales) to 0.95 (Sexual dysfunction, women). Item homogeneity index was low (0.24) for Gastrointestinal subscale. Factor analysis identified eight factors for men (68% of the variance) and seven factors for women (65% of the variance). SCOPA‐AUT correlated at a high level with specific HRQL and functional measures (rS = 0.52–0.56). SCOPA‐AUT scores were higher for older patients, for more advanced disease, and for patients treated only with levodopa (Kruskal–Wallis test, P < 0.01). Standard error of measurement for SCOPA‐AUT subscales was 0.81 (sexual, men) – 2.26 (gastrointestinal). Conclusions: Despite its heterogeneous content, which determines some weaknesses in the psychometric attributes of its subscales, SCOPA‐AUT is an acceptable, consistent, valid and precise scale.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>assessment</topic><topic>autonomic dysfunction</topic><topic>Parkinson’s disease</topic><topic>psychometric attributes</topic><topic>SCOPA‐autonomic</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>European Journal of Neurology</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1351-5101</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1468-1331</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1468-1331</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">ENE</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>194</start><end>201</end><total>8</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">1C4B7EAA87A3BFFF1AF3427268B0971DBB23E050</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02788.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">ENE2788</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 The Author(s). 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